docs(harness): add loop inner/outer exception handling guide
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zhuyongxin
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# Harness 异常处理：Loop 内 vs Loop 外
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**日期**：2026-07-30
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**范围**：诊断路径（`intent=DIAGNOSIS`）上 ReactAgent ReAct 循环内外的异常、受控停止、降级与终态
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**读者**：已读 E2E 全流程 / 运行控制，需要把「失败时系统到底怎么走」串成一张图
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**关联文档**：
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- [Harness 失败图谱](./Harness失败图谱-异常-停止-降级与终态.md)（失败类型总览）
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- [Harness 生命周期与状态](./Harness生命周期与状态.md)（RunState / CollectionState）
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- [信息增益停止](./Harness信息增益停止-让无证据诊断正常收敛.md)（SATURATED / STOP_REQUIRED）
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---
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## 0. 先记住一张总图
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```mermaid
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flowchart TB
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subgraph app["Application 编排"]
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UC[ChatApplicationUseCase]
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EX[DiagnosisChatExecutor]
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end
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subgraph agent["Agent 用例"]
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UC2[DiagnosisAgentUseCase]
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CE[controlledExecution]
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RF[recoverInvalidDraft]
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end
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subgraph loop["ReactAgent ReAct Loop"]
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MI[HarnessModelInterceptor]
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LLM[ChatModel]
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TI[HarnessToolInterceptor]
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TB[ToolBoundary]
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end
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subgraph release["Release"]
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REL[DiagnosisReleaseUseCase]
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FB[SafeFallback / FALLBACK]
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OK[SUCCESS 报告]
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end
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UC --> EX
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EX --> UC2
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UC2 -->|agent.call| loop
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MI --> LLM
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LLM -->|tool_call| TI
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TI --> TB
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TB -->|observation| LLM
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loop -->|受控异常穿出| CE
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CE -->|stopped draft=null| REL
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loop -->|正常返回坏 draft| UC2
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UC2 -->|DiagnosisAgentOutputException| RF
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RF -->|有 observedFacts| REL
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REL --> FB
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REL --> OK
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CE -->|取消/超时再抛| UC
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RF -->|无 facts 再抛| UC
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```
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**一句话**：
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| 区域 | 异常怎么处理 |
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|------|----------------|
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| **Loop 内** | 多数变成 **tool/model 侧 observation 或拦截**；少数 **受控异常穿出 loop** |
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| **Loop 边界** | `controlledExecution`：受控停止 → `stopped`；不可控 → 包装/再抛 |
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| **Loop 外（Executor）** | `recoverInvalidDraft`：坏 draft + 有事实 → FALLBACK；否则失败 |
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| **Release** | 有 draft 走 Guard；无 draft / 非法 draft 走专用降级 |
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| **Application** | 未消化异常 → `ChatFailureCode` + Run 终态落库 |
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---
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## 1. 状态有三层，不要混
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异常处理会同时碰到三套状态，职责不同：
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```mermaid
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flowchart LR
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subgraph core["Core 执行面"]
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RS[RunState<br/>RUNNING / SUCCESS / FAILED<br/>CANCELLED / TIMED_OUT / BUDGET_EXHAUSTED]
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end
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subgraph prog["Progress 收集面"]
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CS[CollectionState<br/>COLLECTING / SATURATED]
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SR[DiagnosisStopReason]
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end
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subgraph out["对外发布面"]
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RO[ReleaseOutcome<br/>SUCCESS / FALLBACK / FAILED / CANCELLED]
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FT[FallbackType]
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CF[ChatFailureCode]
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end
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RS -.->|"预算耗尽可并存"| RO
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SR -.->|"有 facts 常映射"| FT
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RO -.->|"失败粗码"| CF
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```
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| 层 | 枚举 | 回答的问题 |
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|----|------|------------|
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| Core | `RunState` | 这次 Run 技术上还能不能继续？ |
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| Progress | `DiagnosisStopReason` / `CollectionState` | 证据收集为何停、是否已饱和？ |
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| 发布 | `ReleaseOutcome` / `FallbackType` | 用户看到报告、降级还是失败？ |
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| 协议失败 | `ChatFailureCode` | SSE failure 的粗粒度原因？ |
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**典型组合**：
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| 场景 | RunState | StopReason | ReleaseOutcome |
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|------|----------|------------|----------------|
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| 正常成功 | SUCCESS | — | SUCCESS |
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| 信息饱和且有事实 | 常仍可 SUCCESS 收尾* | INFORMATION_SATURATED | FALLBACK / INSUFFICIENT_EVIDENCE |
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| 预算耗尽且有事实 | BUDGET_EXHAUSTED | BUDGET_LIMIT_REACHED | FALLBACK / INSUFFICIENT_EVIDENCE |
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| 预算耗尽且无事实 | BUDGET_EXHAUSTED | BUDGET_LIMIT_REACHED | FAILED |
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| 客户端断开 | CANCELLED | — | CANCELLED / 可能无 done |
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\*饱和后若 Agent 合法写完 draft 并过 Guard，也可能 SUCCESS；若 stopped 无 draft 则走 FALLBACK。
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---
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## 2. 架构位置：异常在哪一层被「接住」
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```mermaid
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flowchart TB
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subgraph L0["L0 协议"]
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CTRL[ChatController / SSE]
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end
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subgraph L1["L1 Application"]
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APP[ChatApplicationUseCase<br/>统一 catch → ChatFailureCode]
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DEX[DiagnosisChatExecutor<br/>recoverInvalidDraft]
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end
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subgraph L2["L2 Agent 用例"]
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DAU[DiagnosisAgentUseCase<br/>controlledExecution]
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end
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subgraph L3["L3 框架 Loop"]
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RA[ReactAgent.call]
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end
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subgraph L4["L4 Interceptor / Boundary"]
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MI[ModelInterceptor]
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TI[ToolInterceptor]
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TB[ToolBoundary]
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CORE[DiagnosisHarnessCore]
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end
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CTRL --> APP --> DEX --> DAU --> RA
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RA --> MI --> CORE
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RA --> TI --> TB --> CORE
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MI -.->|BudgetExceeded / RunAborted 上抛| DAU
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TI -.->|多数 error observation 留在 loop| RA
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TI -.->|CollectionStopped 上抛| DAU
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DAU -.->|stopped| DEX
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DAU -.->|Draft 契约异常| DEX
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DEX -.->|未恢复| APP
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```
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---
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## 3. Loop 内：一次 ReAct 轮次里发生什么
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### 3.1 正常成功路径（对照）
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant DAU as DiagnosisAgentUseCase
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participant RA as ReactAgent
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participant MI as ModelInterceptor
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participant LLM as ChatModel
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participant TI as ToolInterceptor
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participant TB as ToolBoundary
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DAU->>RA: agent.call(input, config)
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RA->>MI: interceptModel
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MI->>MI: beforeModelCall 预算闸
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MI->>LLM: handler.call
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LLM-->>MI: tool_call
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MI-->>RA: ModelResponse
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RA->>TI: interceptToolCall
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TI->>TI: 协议/重复/饱和检查
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TI->>TB: invoke
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TB-->>TI: READY + agentResult
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TI-->>RA: 投影 observation
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RA->>MI: interceptModel 第 2 轮
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MI->>LLM: 写 Draft
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LLM-->>MI: 文本 JSON
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MI-->>RA: ModelResponse
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RA-->>DAU: AssistantMessage
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DAU->>DAU: 解析 DiagnosisDraft
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DAU-->>DAU: completed(draft, progress)
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```
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### 3.2 Loop 内：Model 路径异常（会穿出 loop）
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**触发点**：`HarnessModelInterceptor.interceptModel`
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```text
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beforeModelCall / handler.call / checkActive
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→ BudgetExceededException
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→ RunAbortedException（已终态、超时、取消）
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→ 其它 RuntimeException（供应商错误等）
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```
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant RA as ReactAgent
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participant MI as ModelInterceptor
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participant Core as DiagnosisHarnessCore
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participant DAU as DiagnosisAgentUseCase
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RA->>MI: interceptModel（第 N 次模型）
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MI->>Core: beforeModelCall
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Core-->>MI: throw BudgetExceeded / RunAborted
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Note over MI: 不吞异常，不转 observation
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MI-->>RA: 异常上抛
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RA-->>DAU: agent.call 失败
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DAU->>DAU: controlledExecution(e)
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```
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| 异常 | Loop 内是否消化 | 穿出后 |
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|------|-----------------|--------|
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| `BudgetExceededException` | 否 | → `stopped(BUDGET_LIMIT_REACHED)` |
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| `RunAbortedException(BUDGET_EXHAUSTED)` | 否 | → 同上 |
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| `RunAbortedException(CANCELLED/TIMED_OUT/…)` | 否 | controlledExecution **再抛** → Application |
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| 其它未识别 | 否 | → `DiagnosisAgentOutputException(EXECUTION_FAILED)` |
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### 3.3 Loop 内：Tool 路径（多数不穿出）
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**触发点**：`HarnessToolInterceptor.interceptToolCall` + `ToolBoundary`
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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TC[收到 tool_call] --> SUP{是否证据工具?}
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SUP -->|否| H[handler.call 旁路]
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SUP -->|是| SAT{已 SATURATED 且 stop 已交付?}
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SAT -->|是| EX[throw DiagnosisCollectionStoppedException]
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SAT -->|否| PARSE[解析 Envelope / previous_observation]
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PARSE -->|协议违规| REP[可修复 error observation<br/>或连续违规后 stop]
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PARSE --> DUP{重复 scope?}
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DUP -->|是| DUPR[DUPLICATE_SCOPE observation]
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DUP -->|否| INV[ToolBoundary.invoke]
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INV -->|READY| OBS[投影 modelObservation 回注]
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INV -->|BUDGET_EXHAUSTED 等 error| ERR[error observation<br/>markBudgetLimitReached]
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EX --> OUT[穿出 ReactAgent loop]
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OBS --> LOOP[留在 loop，模型继续]
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ERR --> LOOP
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REP --> LOOP
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DUPR --> LOOP
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```
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**设计选择**：
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| 情况 | 策略 | 原因 |
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|------|------|------|
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| 工具执行失败、投影失败、结果过大 | **error observation 留在 loop** | 给模型一次感知/改写机会，不立刻整 run 崩 |
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| 预算在 ToolBoundary 触顶 | **先 error observation** + progress 标记预算 | 本轮不强制撕开 loop；下一轮 model 的 `beforeModelCall` 会硬闸 |
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| 信息饱和后仍要工具 | **`DiagnosisCollectionStoppedException` 穿出** | 收集已无价值，禁止空转 |
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| 协议违规（未达阈值） | **repairable error observation** | 要求模型补 previous_observation 等 |
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`ToolBoundary` 对预算的处理（**吞异常 → 错误码**，不抛给框架）：
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```text
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catch (RunAbortedException | BudgetExceededException)
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→ ToolBoundaryResult.error(BUDGET_EXHAUSTED | RUN_INACTIVE)
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```
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---
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## 4. Loop 边界：`controlledExecution`
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**位置**：`DiagnosisAgentUseCase`，包住 `agent.call(...)`。
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**职责**：把「Harness 约定的受控停止」从异常栈（含 cause 链）捞出来，转成 **`DiagnosisAgentExecution.stopped`**；其余失败交给外层。
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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E[catch Exception from agent.call] --> F1{cause 含 CollectionStopped?}
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F1 -->|是| S1[stopped progress + stopReason]
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F1 -->|否| F2{cause 含 RunAborted?}
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F2 -->|是且 BUDGET_EXHAUSTED| S2[markBudgetLimitReached<br/>stopped BUDGET_LIMIT_REACHED]
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F2 -->|是且其它终态| R1[再抛 RunAborted]
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F2 -->|否| F3{BudgetExceeded 或 lifecycle 已预算耗尽?}
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F3 -->|是| S2
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F3 -->|否| N[return null]
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N --> W[包装 DiagnosisAgentOutputException EXECUTION_FAILED]
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S1 --> RET[正常 return 给 Executor]
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S2 --> RET
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```
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| 输入信号 | 输出 |
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|----------|------|
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| `DiagnosisCollectionStoppedException` | `stopped(stopReason)`，`draft=null` |
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| 预算耗尽类 | `stopped(BUDGET_LIMIT_REACHED)` |
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| 取消 / 超时类 `RunAborted` | **不转 stopped，再抛** |
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| 未知 | `null` → 包装执行失败异常 |
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**结果形态**：
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```text
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completed(draft, progress) // 有合法草稿
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stopped(progress, stopReason) // 无草稿，仅有进度快照
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```
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---
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## 5. Loop 外：坏 Draft 与 `recoverInvalidDraft`
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**时机**：`agent.call` **已经返回**（或解析阶段），最终文本 **不是**合法 `DiagnosisDraft`。
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**位置**：`DiagnosisChatExecutor` catch `DiagnosisAgentOutputException`。
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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A[DiagnosisAgentOutputException] --> K{isDraftContractFailure?}
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K -->|否 EXECUTION_FAILED| P1[再抛 → Application FAILED]
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K -->|是 EMPTY/INVALID_JSON/SCHEMA| H{hasObservedFacts?}
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H --> AUD[审计 agentDraftInvalid]
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AUD --> H2{hasObservedFacts?}
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H2 -->|否| P1
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H2 -->|是| SSE[status SAFETY_VALIDATING]
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SSE --> RID[releaseInvalidDraft progress]
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RID --> FB[FALLBACK INSUFFICIENT_EVIDENCE]
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```
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要点（与常见误解对照）：
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| 误解 | 实际 |
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|------|------|
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| recover 里再验 draft 完不完整 | draft 合法性已在 Agent 用例判定；此处只看 **异常 Kind** |
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| hasProgress = 有过 tool_call | = **`progress.observedFacts` 非空**（可发布观察事实） |
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| 降级会带上坏 JSON | **丢弃非法正文**，只根据 progress 生成 SafeFallback |
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**专用发布**：`DiagnosisReleaseUseCase.releaseInvalidDraft`
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- 不再跑 Evidence/Semantic Guard（没有可校验 draft）
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- 要求 `hasObservedFacts()`，否则 `IllegalStateException`
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- 产出 `FallbackType.INSUFFICIENT_EVIDENCE`
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---
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## 6. Release：按 execution 形态分叉
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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EX[DiagnosisAgentExecution] --> D{draft == null?}
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D -->|是 stopped| CS[releaseControlledStop<br/>需有 observedFacts]
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D -->|否| C{conclusion == null?}
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C -->|是| NC[releaseNoConclusion<br/>部分 Evidence + progress]
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C -->|否| RC[releaseConclusion<br/>Evidence → 可选 Repair → Semantic]
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CS --> FB[FALLBACK]
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NC --> FB
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RC -->|SUPPORTED| OK[SUCCESS]
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RC -->|其它| FB
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```
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| 入口 | 典型来源 |
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|------|----------|
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| `releaseControlledStop` | `controlledExecution` → stopped |
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| `releaseInvalidDraft` | `recoverInvalidDraft`（loop 结束坏 draft） |
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| `releaseConclusion` | 正常 completed + 有结论 |
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| `releaseNoConclusion` | draft 合法但无 conclusion |
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---
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## 7. Application 统一失败出口
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未被转成 FALLBACK / SUCCESS 的异常，进入 `ChatApplicationUseCase`：
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant EX as DiagnosisChatExecutor
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participant APP as ChatApplicationUseCase
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participant Core as DiagnosisHarnessCore
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participant Store as ChatRunStore
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participant SSE as ChatSseSession
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EX-->>APP: 抛 ChatApplicationException 或 RuntimeException
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APP->>Core: terminalOutcome / completeFailure
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APP->>Store: finish(terminal, ...)
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APP->>APP: safeFailure → ChatFailureCode
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APP-->>SSE: fail(code, 安全文案)
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```
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常见映射直觉：
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| 情况 | ChatFailureCode 倾向 |
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|------|----------------------|
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| 取消 | `RUN_CANCELLED` |
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| 路由失败 | `ROUTING_UNAVAILABLE` |
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| 落库失败 | `RUN_PERSISTENCE_FAILED` |
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| 其它 | `INTERNAL_FAILURE` |
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---
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## 8. 端到端对照表（按场景）
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| # | 场景 | 发生位置 | 关键信号 | 第一处理点 | 用户侧 |
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|---|------|----------|----------|------------|--------|
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| 1 | 第 N 次模型前预算没了 | Loop 内 Model | `BudgetExceeded` | controlledExecution → stopped | 有 facts→FALLBACK；无→FAILED |
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| 2 | 工具执行失败 | Loop 内 Tool | `TOOL_EXECUTION_ERROR` observation | 留在 loop | 模型可能改写或再试 |
|
||||
| 3 | 工具触顶预算 | Loop 内 ToolBoundary | error + markBudget | 常留在 loop，下轮 model 硬闸 | 同预算结局 |
|
||||
| 4 | 饱和后仍要工具 | Loop 内 Tool | `DiagnosisCollectionStopped` | controlledExecution → stopped | 有 facts→FALLBACK |
|
||||
| 5 | 取消/超时 | Core → 任意 checkActive | `RunAborted` | controlledExecution **再抛** | CANCELLED / FAILED |
|
||||
| 6 | 模型返回烂 JSON | Loop 外解析 | `INVALID_JSON` 等 | recoverInvalidDraft | 有 facts→FALLBACK；无→FAILED |
|
||||
| 7 | 执行崩溃未识别 | Loop 边界 | `EXECUTION_FAILED` | recover 不恢复，上抛 | FAILED |
|
||||
| 8 | Guard 引用失败 | Loop 外 Release | Evidence 违规 | repair 或 FALLBACK | FALLBACK EVIDENCE_* |
|
||||
| 9 | 语义不支持 | Loop 外 Release | UNSUPPORTED | FALLBACK | FALLBACK SEMANTIC_* |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 9. 两条主恢复路径对比（必记）
|
||||
|
||||
```mermaid
|
||||
flowchart LR
|
||||
subgraph mid["Loop 中途打断"]
|
||||
A1[Interceptor / Core 异常] --> B1[controlledExecution]
|
||||
B1 --> C1[stopped draft=null]
|
||||
C1 --> D1[releaseControlledStop]
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
subgraph end["Loop 正常结束但输出坏"]
|
||||
A2[解析 Draft 失败] --> B2[DiagnosisAgentOutputException]
|
||||
B2 --> C2[recoverInvalidDraft]
|
||||
C2 --> D2[releaseInvalidDraft]
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
D1 --> E[INSUFFICIENT_EVIDENCE FALLBACK<br/>前提 hasObservedFacts]
|
||||
D2 --> E
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
| | `controlledExecution` | `recoverInvalidDraft` |
|
||||
|--|----------------------|------------------------|
|
||||
| 时机 | loop **中途** | loop **结束后** |
|
||||
| 输入 | `Throwable` cause 链 | `DiagnosisAgentOutputException` |
|
||||
| 成功产物 | `Execution.stopped` | 直接 `DiagnosisExecutionResult(FALLBACK)` |
|
||||
| 发布入口 | `releaseControlledStop` | `releaseInvalidDraft` |
|
||||
| 共同点 | 都依赖 **可发布 observedFacts**；都 **fail closed** |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 10. 代码索引
|
||||
|
||||
| 组件 | 路径 |
|
||||
|------|------|
|
||||
| Model 拦截 | `harness/agent/HarnessModelInterceptor.java` |
|
||||
| Tool 拦截 | `harness/agent/HarnessToolInterceptor.java` |
|
||||
| 工具边界 | `harness/tool/boundary/ToolBoundary.java` |
|
||||
| 受控停止转换 | `harness/agent/DiagnosisAgentUseCase#controlledExecution` |
|
||||
| 坏 Draft 恢复 | `harness/application/executor/DiagnosisChatExecutor#recoverInvalidDraft` |
|
||||
| 非法 draft 发布 | `harness/release/DiagnosisReleaseUseCase#releaseInvalidDraft` |
|
||||
| 受控停止发布 | `DiagnosisReleaseUseCase#releaseControlledStop` |
|
||||
| 应用失败出口 | `harness/application/ChatApplicationUseCase` |
|
||||
| 错误码注释 | `ChatFailureCode` / `ReleaseOutcome` / `FallbackType` / `RunState` / `DiagnosisStopReason` / `ToolBoundaryErrorCode` 等 |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 11. 阅读检查清单
|
||||
|
||||
1. 这个失败是 **还在 loop 里**，还是 **已经穿出 agent.call**？
|
||||
2. 是 **资源/取消**（Core），还是 **收集收敛**（Progress），还是 **输出契约**（Draft Kind）？
|
||||
3. 最终有没有 **`observedFacts`**？有才能谈 FALLBACK。
|
||||
4. `RunState` 与 `ReleaseOutcome` 是否一致理解（预算耗尽 ≠ 一定 FAILED）？
|
||||
5. Tool 错误是 **observation** 还是 **异常穿出**？不要默认「有 error 就崩 run」。
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 12. 一句话总结
|
||||
|
||||
> **Loop 内：能安全回注的变成 observation，必须停收集或硬预算的穿出异常。**
|
||||
> **Loop 边界：controlledExecution 把受控停止收成 stopped。**
|
||||
> **Loop 外：坏 draft 用 recoverInvalidDraft，只认 observedFacts 做降级。**
|
||||
> **全程 fail closed：没有可验证事实，就不发「看起来友好」的假成功。**
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user